Table 4 Determination of blood meal sources of wild-caught adult Anopheles mosquitoes collected across urban centers in Ethiopia using multiplex PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 2021–2023

Assayed using multiplex PCR

Afambo

An. arabiensis

211

15 (7.1)

28 (26.2)

56 (26.5)

72 (34.1)

10 (4.7)

20 (9.5)

5 (2.4)

8 (3.8)

104 (49.3)

An. pharoensis

22

2 (9.1)

4 (40)

4 (18.2)

6 (27.3)

1 (4.5)

2 (9.1)

1 (4.5)

12 (54.5)

An. tenebrosus

6

1 (16.7)

1 (20)

3 (50)

3 (50)

1 (16.7)

1 (16.7)

1 (16.7)

Akaki

An. arabiensis

13

2 (15.4)

3 (23.1)

1 (7.7)

10 (76.9)

Arba Minch

An. arabiensis

1

1 (100)

1 (100)

Awash S. K

An. stephensi

7

1 (14.3)

3 (42.9)

4 (57.1)

3 (42.9)

Danan

An. stephensi

52

1 (1.9)

9 (23.7)

25 (48.1)

33 (63.5)

4 (7.7)

4 (7.7)

14 (26.9)

Kebri Dehar

An. stephensi

22

2 (9.1)

2 (14.3)

6 (27.3)

6 (27.3)

6 (27.3)

6 (27.3)

8 (36.4)

Metehara

An. stephensi

3

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

Omorate

An. arabiensis

18

3 (16.7)

4 (66.7)

2 (11.1)

2 (11.1)

1 (5.6)

12 (66.7)

Salamago

An. arabiensis

29

9 (31)

15 (78.9)

1 (3.4)

3 (10.3)

3 (10.3)

7 (24.1)

10 (34.5)

Assayed by ELISA

Asendabo

An. arabiensis

14

7 (50)

2 (14.3)

9 (64.3)

5 (35.7)

An. funestus

1

1 (100)

1 (100)

An. coustani

2

1 (50)

1 (50)

2 (100)

Assosa

An. arabiensis

5

1 (100)

1 (20)

1 (20)

4 (80)

An. coustani

6

2 (33.3)

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

Ataye

An. arabiensis

9

2 (22.2)

5 (55.6)

3 (33.3)

6 (66.7)

1 (11.1)

An. coustani

2

2 (100)

2 (100)

Bambasi

An. coustani

1

1 (100)

1 (100)

Bonga

An. arabiensis

3

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

Dembiya

An. arabiensis

14

2 (20)

2 (14.3)

7 (50)

3 (21.4)

8 (57.1)

4 (28.6)

Dubti

An. arabiensis

42

6 (35.3)

2 (4.8)

7 (16.7)

8 (19)

13 (31)

25 (59.5)

An. pharoensis

10

1 (10)

1 (10)

2 (20)

8 (80)

Gambella

An. arabiensis

4

1 (25)

1 (25)

3 (75)

An. funestus

4

1 (25)

1 (100)

3 (75)

Harbu

An. arabiensis

112

10 (8.9)

16 (30.8)

10 (8.9)

34 (30.4)

6 (5.4)

32 (28.6)

60 (53.6)

An. pharoensis

1

1 (100)

1 (100)

An. coustani

1

1 (100)

1 (100)

Jiga

An. arabiensis

77

7 (9.1)

29 (50.9)

7 (9.1)

43 (55.8)

5 (6.5)

38 (49.4)

20 (26)

An. pharoensis

2

1 (50)

1 (50)

1 (50)

1 (50)

An. coustani

13

1 (7.7)

6 (66.7)

7 (53.8)

1 (7.7)

7 (53.8)

4 (30.8)

An. stephensi

7

1 (14.3)

3 (50)

5 (71.4)

5 (71.4)

1 (14.3)

Kombolcha

An. arabiensis

15

1 (6.7)

4 (44.4)

7 (46.7)

1 (6.7)

8 (53.3)

6 (40)

An. funestus

5

2 (40)

2 (40)

3 (60)

Metemma

An. arabiensis

9

1 (11.1)

4 (100)

2 (22.2)

1 (11.1)

5 (55.6)

Shewa Robit

An. arabiensis

8

1 (12.5)

8 (100)

7 (87.5)

An. funestus

4

1 (25)

4 (100)

3 (75)

Woreta

An. arabiensis

9

1 (11.1)

5 (71.4)

1 (11.1)

6 (66.7)

3 (33.3)

2 (22.2)

An. coustani

6

2 (33.3)

2 (100)

4 (66.7)

Total

An. arabiensis

595

47(7.9)

115 (19.3)

87 (14.6)

209 (35.1)

39 (6.6)

150 (25.2)

8 (1.3)

16 (2.7)

273 (45.9)

An. coustani

31

4 (12.9)

9 (29)

13 (41.9)

2 (6.5)

14 (45.2)

12 (38.7)

An. funestus

14

1 (7.1)

1 (7.1)

1 (7.1)

7 (50)

6 (42.9)

6 (42.9)

An. pharoensis

39

3 (7.7)

5 (12.8)

5 (12.8)

9 (23.1)

2 (5.1)

5 (12.8)

1 (2.6)

23 (59)

An. stephensi

99

5 (5.1)

16 (16.2)

31 (31.3)

45 (45.5)

14 (14.1)

21 (21.2)

34 (34.3)

An. tenebrosus

6

1 (16.7)

1 (16.7)

3 (50)

3 (50)

1 (16.7)

1 (16.7)

1 (16.7)