A strong effect of individual compliance with mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis on sustained clearance of soil-transmitted helminth infections

Table 2 Results of parametric survival models for sustained clearance of hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris infections (with random effects)

Variables	Categories	Hookworm		Ascaris		Trichuris
Variables	Categories	TR/95% CI^a	P	TR/95% CI^a	P	TR/95% CI^a	P
Sex	Female	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Sex	Male	1.10 (1.01, 1.19)	0.020	1.11 (1.02, 1.21)	0.013	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)	0.807
Age	5–8 Years	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
	8–12 Years	0.93 (0.83, 1.04)	0.223	0.95 (0.86, 1.08)	0.398	1.06 (0.91, 1.23)	0.452
	13–30 Years	0.87 (0.77, 0.98)	0.019	0.86 (0.75, 1.00)	0.046	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)	0.557
	More than 30 years	0.79 (0.70, 0.88)	< 0.001	0.81 (0.71, 0.92)	0.001	0.88 (0.77, 0.99)	0.049
Initial infection intensity^b	Light	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Initial infection intensity^b	Moderate to heavy	1.20 (0.98, 1.46)	0.072	1.06 (0.97, 1.16)	0.170	1.18 (1.07, 1.31)	< 0.001
Treatment	Zero dose per year	1.16 (1.00, 1.35)	< 0.001	1.74 (1.28, 2.38)	< 0.001	Not calculable
	One dose per year	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
	Two doses per year	0.91 (0.81, 1.02)	0.112	0.87 (0.79, 0.95)	0.004	0.84 (0.77, 0.91)	< 0.001
Random effects		Village	< 0.001	Not included		Household	0.002
Random effects	ICC	18.0%				12.2%
Model	Distribution	Log normal		Log normal		Log logistic
	AIC	464.1		515.9		410.2
	Log likelihood	− 222.0		− 249.0		− 196.1

Ref. Reference, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, AIC Akaike information criterion; for other abbreviations, see Table 1
^aAdjusted time ratio (TR)/95% confidence intervals (CI). For example, for the Ascaris model, compared to a female (TR = 1), it took 11% (TR = 1.11) more time to achieve sustained clearance in a male
^bAccording to WHO guidelines: for hookworm, 1–1999 (light), > 2000 EPG (moderate to heavy); for Ascaris, 1–4999 (light), > 5000 EPG (moderate to heavy); for Trichuris, 1–999 (light), > 1000 EPG (moderate to heavy)

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