Variable | Category | 2 Years (n = 261) | 3 Years (n = 268) | 5 Years (n = 247) | Age-adjusted | Multivariable effects | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | % Positive | Overall | % Positive | Overall | % Positive | OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
Age | Age | 1.77 (1.39–2.27) | < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.66–2.56) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Maternal seropositivity | No | 51 (19.5%) | 45.1% | 53 (19.8%) | 54.7% | 46 (18.6%) | 71.7% | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 210 (80.5%) | 50.0% | 215 (80.2%) | 68.4% | 201 (81.4%) | 83.1% | 1.69 (1.18–2.42) | 0.004 | 1.46 (0.97–2.13) | 0.064 | |
Sex | Male | 121 (46.4%) | 50.4% | 127 (47.4%) | 72.4% | 117 (47.4%) | 86.3% | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 140 (53.6%) | 47.9% | 141 (52.6%) | 59.6% | 130 (52.6%) | 76.2% | 0.65 (0.49–0.87) | 0.004 | 0.66 (0.48–0.89) | 0.006 | |
Maternal age (years) | ≤ 20 | 67 (25.7%) | 50.8% | 72 (26.9%) | 72.2% | 69 (27.9%) | 85.5% | 1 | |||
21–29 | 129 (49.4%) | 49.6% | 132 (49.3%) | 65.9% | 121 (49.0%) | 79.3% | 0.89 (0.63–1.26) | 0.505 | |||
≥ 30 | 65 (24.9%) | 46.2% | 64 (23.9%) | 57.8% | 57 (23.1%) | 79.0% | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) | 0.073 | |||
Maternal ethnicity | Afro-Ecuadorian | 81 (31.0%) | 55.6% | 84 (31.3%) | 69.1% | 78 (31.6%) | 82.1% | 1 | 1 | ||
Non-Afro Ecuadorian | 180 (69.0%) | 46.1% | 194 (68.7%) | 64.1% | 169 (68.4%) | 80.5% | 0.73 (0.53–0.99) | 0.047 | 0.65 (0.47–0.91) | 0.011 | |
Maternal educational level | Illiterate | 43 (16.5%) | 55.8% | 49 (18.3%) | 75.5% | 44 (17.8%) | 86.4% | 1 | 1 | ||
Completed primary | 167 (64.0%) | 50.3% | 167 (35.1%) | 63.5% | 156 (63.2%) | 82.7% | 0.61 (0.40–0.90) | 0.014 | 0.61 (0.40–0.93) | 0.021 | |
Completed secondary | 51 (19.5%) | 39.2% | 52 (19.4%) | 63.5% | 47 (19.0%) | 70.2% | 0.44 (0.27–0.71) | 0.001 | 0.57 (0.34–0.96) | 0.034 | |
Socioeconomic statusa | Low | 90 (34.5%) | 56.7% | 93 (34.7%) | 69.9% | 86 (34.8%) | 88.4% | 1 | 1 | ||
Medium | 91 (35.3%) | 50.0% | 94 (35.1%) | 62.8% | 84 (34.0%) | 78.6% | 0.61 (0.43–0.86) | 0.005 | 0.62 (0.43–0.89) | 0.010 | |
High | 79 (30.3%) | 39.2% | 81 (30.2%) | 64.2% | 77 (31.2%) | 75.3% | 0.50 (0.35–0.72) | < 0.001 | 0.60 (0.40–0.89) | 0.009 | |
Household dogs | No | 187 (71.7%) | 48.7% | 186 (70.2%) | 62.9% | 117(48.6%) | 77.8% | 1 | |||
Yes | 74 (28.4%) | 50.0% | 79 (29.8%) | 70.9% | 124(51.5%) | 83.9% | 1.27 (0.92–1.75) | 0.140 | |||
Household cats | No | 203 (77.8%) | 47.3% | 193 (72.8%) | 61.7% | 120(49.8%) | 79.2% | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 58 (22.2%) | 55.2% | 72 (22.2%) | 75.0% | 121(50.2%) | 82.6% | 1.39 (1.00–1.93) | 0.051 | 1.40 (0.99–1.97) | 0.055 | |
Household dogs and/or cats | No | 157 (60.2%) | 47.1% | 143 (54.0%) | 59.4% | 78 (32.4%) | 78.2% | 1 | |||
Yes | 104 (39.8%) | 51.9% | 122 (46.0%) | 72.1% | 163 (67.6%) | 82.2% | 1.32 (0.99–1.77) | 0.063 | |||
Maternal STH | No | 139 (53.7%) | 44.6% | 136 (51.1%) | 61.8% | 126 (51.4%) | 74.6% | 1 | |||
Yes | 120 (46.3%) | 54.2% | 130 (48.9%) | 69.2% | 119 (48.6%) | 87.4% | 1.58 (1.19–2.12) | 0.002 | |||
Childhood STH | No | 234 (90.7%) | 44.9% | 212 (80.6%) | 61.8% | 165 (68.2%) | 75.2% | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 24 (9.3%) | 83.3% | 51 (19.4%) | 78.4% | 77 (31.8%) | 92.2% | 2.55 (1.71, 3.83) | < 0.001 | 2.29 (1.51–3.47) | < 0.001 | |
Area of residence | Urban | 180 (68.9%) | 48.3% | 183 (68.3%) | 66.1% | 170 (68.8%) | 82.4% | 1 | |||
Rural | 81 (31.1%) | 50.6% | 85 (31.7%) | 64.7% | 77 (31.2%) | 77.9% | 0.96 (0.70–1.30) | 0.777 | |||
Household overcrowdingb | No | 149 (57.1%) | 45.6% | 153 (57.1%) | 63.4% | 140 (56.7%) | 45.6% | 1 | |||
Yes | 81 (42.9%) | 53.6% | 115 (42.9%) | 68.7% | 107 (43.3%) | 53.6% | 1.41 (1.05–1.89) | 0.021 | |||
Bathroom type | Latrine | 170 (65.1%) | 51.8% | 176 (65.7%) | 68.8% | 159 (64.4%) | 83.0% | 1 | |||
Water Closet | 91 (34.9%) | 44.0% | 92 (34.3%) | 59.8% | 88 (35.6%) | 77.3% | 0.72 (0.53–0.97) | 0.029 |