Fig. 3

Schematic representation of clinical presentation, corresponding immune responses and areas of missing information using the Th1/Th2 dichotomy. *Most important parameters that determine the immunologically relevant response. a, b the intervals differ in time between regions: 0–13 months in Africa; 0–3 years in Asia. There is limited information on (the timing of) the developing or changing immune response in relation to type of VL treatment (or in case of absent VL history) and the clinical response (macular, papular, nodular PKDL; distribution and severity). c the interval after successful treatment of VL and establishment of permanent immunity is unknown. d, e there is no information on (the timing of) the developing or changing immune response (after PKDL treatment or after self-healing), the clinical response (reduction or disappearance of lesions) and development of immunity