Table 1 Serological specific antibody detection against vector-borne pathogens (VBP) in military working dogs from Portugal (including molecular detection of Borrelia spp.)
Agent(s) | Positive dogs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
n | % | CI % | |
Positive reaction against single VBP | 41a | 41.0f,g,h | 31.3–51.3 |
Anaplasma spp. | 5 | 5.0 | 1.6–11.3 |
Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) | 4b | 4.0 | 1.1–9.9 |
Ehrlichia canis | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
Leishmania infantum | 3 | 3.0 | 0.6–8.5 |
Rickettsia spp. | 28c,d | 28.0 | 19.5–37.9 |
Positive reaction against two VBP | 19 | 19.0f,i,j | 11.8–28.1 |
Anaplasma spp. + B. burgdorferi (s.l.) | 1b | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
Anaplasma spp. + E. canis | 2c | 2.0 | 0.2–7.0 |
Anaplasma spp. + Rickettsia spp. | 5 | 5.0 | 1.6–11.3 |
Babesia spp. + Rickettsia spp. | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
B. burgdorferi (s.l.) + Rickettsia spp. | 2b | 2.0 | 0.2–7.0 |
E. canis + Rickettsia spp. | 2 | 2.0 | 0.2–7.0 |
L. infantum + Rickettsia spp. | 6e | 6.0 | 2.2–12.6 |
Positive reaction against three VBP | 5 | 5.0g.i | 1.6–11.3 |
Anaplasma spp. + B. burgdorferi (s.l.) + E. canis | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
Anaplasma spp. + Rickettsia spp. + L. infantum | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
Anaplasma spp. + Rickettsia spp. + Toscana virus | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
Babesia spp. + L. infantum + Rickettsia spp. | 2e | 2.0 | 0.2–7.0 |
Positive reaction against four VBP | 1 | 1.0h,j | 0–5.4 |
Anaplasma spp. + E. canis + L. infantum + Rickettsia spp. | 1 | 1.0 | 0–5.4 |
Single + co-infections | 66 | 66.0 | 55.8–75.2 |