From: Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review
Country | Year of report | Parasitic disease |  | PTB (+) | PTB (−) | RRrow(95% CI) | P-value | No. of reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sudan | 2004 | Leishmania donovani | + | 77 | 175 | 1.73 (1.14-2.62) | Â | [31] |
 |  |  | _ | 23 | 107 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 1.24 (1.08-1.43) | 1.00 |  | 0.0067 |  |
Ethiopia | 2006 | Intestinal parasites | + | 32 | 202 | 1.10 (0.74-1.63) | Â | [32] |
 |  |  | _ | 68 | 480 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 1.08 (0.79-1.47) | 1.00 |  | 0.6272 |  |
 |  | Helminths | + | 16 | 139 | 0.77 (0.46-1.28) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 84 | 543 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 0.78 (0.49-1.26) | 1.00 |  | 0.3047 |  |
 |  | Ascaris lumbricoides | + | 5 | 83 | 0.42 (0.17-0.99) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 95 | 599 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 0.41 (0.17-0.99) | 1.00 |  | 0.0341 |  |
 |  | Giardia lamblia | + | 15 | 55 | 1.80 (1.10-2.93) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 85 | 627 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 1.86 (1.09-3.16) | 1.00 |  | 0.0233 |  |
 |  | Entamoeba histolytica | + | 10 | 40 | 1.63 (0.90-2.93) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 90 | 642 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 1.70 (0.88-3.30) | 1.00 |  | 0.1145 |  |
 |  | Hookworm | + | 6 | 30 | 1.32 (0.62-2.81) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 94 | 652 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 1.36 (0.58-3.19) | 1.00 |  | 0.4451* |  |
 |  | Taenia species | + | 2 | 23 | 0.62 (0.16-2.36) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 98 | 659 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 0.59 (0.14-2.48) | 1.00 |  | 0.7594* |  |
 |  | Strongyloides stercoralis | + | 5 | 8 | 3.11 (1.53-6.35) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 95 | 674 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 4.26 (1.42-12.77) | 1.00 |  | 0.0172* |  |
 |  | Trichuris trichiura | + | 1 | 7 | 0.98 (0.15-6.17) |  |  |
 |  |  | _ | 99 | 675 | 1.00 |  |  |
 |  | RR col (95% CI) |  | 0.97 (0.12-7.84) | 1.00 |  | 1.0000* |  |