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Fig. 3 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 3

From: Evolution, phylogenetic distribution and functional ecology of division of labour in trematodes

Fig. 3

Relative numbers of reproductive and soldier rediae in colonies of the trematode Philophthalmus sp. inside their snail host Zeacumantus subcarinatus. Each panel contrasts control colonies with those exposed to a different stressor: interspecific competition from Maritrema novaezealandense (a), ocean acidification (b) and a drilled snail shell allowing pathogen invasion (c). Numbers of colonies in each group are shown in parentheses. Data from [33, 43, 44]

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