Fig. 4

Gene (a) and protein (b) expressions of HlGST of male and female ticks upon exposure to sublethal doses of flumethrin. Ticks were exposed to sublethal doses (0, 0.4, 4 and 40 μM) of flumethrin for 48 h. a Total mRNA extracted from ticks was transcribed to cDNA for real-time RT-PCR. P0 primers were used as controls. The error bar represents the mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05: significantly different by Welch’s t-test as compared to no treatment. b Proteins were prepared from ticks exposed to sublethal doses of acaricides. Antiserum against tubulin was used as a control for Western blot analysis. The Western blot analysis results are shown as representative data of three separate experiments showing the same trend