Livestock species | Chicory DMa (%) | Chicory cv. (sown) | Bioactive compounds in chicory (% DM)b | Nematode infection and experimental designc | Anthelmintic effects in chicory-fed animalsd | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sheep | 91 | ni (pure) | Total CT = 0.83% | Exp. T. circumcincta trickle infection while grazing chicory. After 40 days p.i. animals were stabled, treated with levamisole + ivermectin and challenged with T. circumcincta L3 | Lower numbers of mid/late L4 and L5/adult worms from the challenge infection. No effect on FEC while grazing on chicory and trickle infected | [61] |
87 | ni (pure) | Total CT = 0.05%; total phenolics = 26.2% | Exp. T. circumcincta infection | Reduction in adult male worms and lower total adult counts by 43% (ns). No effect on FEC, female per capita fecundity or immature worm counts | [52] | |
80 | Grasslands Puna (pure) | nr | Exp. Teladorsagia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp. and Nematodirus spp. infection + reinfection from pasture | Reduced FEC and Teladorsagia spp. worm counts | [49] | |
80 | ni (pure) | Total CT = 0.05%; total phenolics = 26.2% | Exp. T. colubriformis infection | No effect on FEC, adult or immature worm counts | [51] | |
80 | Grasslands Puna (pure) | Total CT = 0.31% | Exp. H. contortus and C. curticei infection (animals stabled) | Reduced total egg output and FECDM of H. contortus. No effect on adult worm counts, on FECDM of C. curticei or on total FECDM | [53] | |
50 | Puna II (pure) | nr | Exp. T. circumcincta trickle infection of ewes and reinfection from pasture for ewes and lambs | Reduced FEC in lambs and ewes on chicory and lower T. circumcincta L3 recovered from chicory swards (ns) | [54] | |
nr | Grasslands Puna (pure) | nr | Natural infection | Reduced abomasal adult counts by 41% and abomasal L4 by 60%. No effect on FEC or intestinal worm counts | [50] | |
nr | Grasslands Puna (pure) | Total phenolics = 1.8–2.7% | Natural infections in ewes and their lambs. Ewes were either treated or not treated with anthelmintics | Lower FEC in lambs from untreated ewes on chicory. No effect on FEC of undrenched ewes or on adult worm burden in lambs | [62] | |
nr | Oasis (pure) | nr | Natural infection | Reduced FEC. Chicory-fed lambs had lower FAMACHA scores and required less anthelmintic treatments | [55] | |
3–6 | Grasslands Puna (mixed with RG/WC) | nr | Natural infection | No effect on FEC | [57] | |
nr | Grasslands Puna (nr) | nr | Exp. T. circumcincta and T. colubriformis infection + reinfection from pasture | Reduced FEC and serum pepsinogen levels at Day 42 p.i. | [59] | |
Cattle | 90 | Spadona (pure) | Total CT = ni; total SL = 1.7–2.3% | Exp. O. ostertagi infections | Reduced worm burdens by 66%. Reduced FEC from Day 21 p.i. onwards | [56] |
70 | Spadona (pure) | Total CT = ni; total SL = 1.2% | Exp. Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora infection (stabled animals) | Reduced O. ostertagi worm burdens by 60%. Reduced recovery of O. ostertagi L3. No effect on total FEC and worm burdens of C. oncophora | [56] | |
24 | Puna II (mixed with RG) | nr | Natural infection | No effect on FEC, proportion of O. ostertagi or Cooperia spp. L3 in larval cultures, serum pepsinogen or O. ostertagi-antibodies | [58] | |
Deer | 56–71 | Grasslands Puna (pure) | Total CT = 0.17–0.26% | Natural infection | Fewer clinical signs associated with parasitism, requiring less anthelmintic treatment. No effect on FEC or lungworm L1 counts | [60] |