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Table 1 Arboviruses pathogenic for domestic and wild mammals

From: Endemic and emerging arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria: a review

Family

Species

Vector

Togaviridae

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses, Sindbis, Middelburg, Getah and Semliki Forest viruses

Mosquitoes (family Culicidae)

Flaviviridae

Yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile, Usutu, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu and Wesselsbron viruses

Mosquitoes (family Culicidae)

Tick-borne encephalitis, louping ill, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease and Tyuleniy viruses

Ticks (family Ixodidae)

Bunyaviridae

Rift Valley fever, La Crosse, Snowshoe hare and Cache Valley viruses

Mosquitoes (family Culicidae)

Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado and Bhanja viruses

Ticks (family Ixodidae/Argasidae)

Main Drain, Akabane, Aino, Shuni and Schmallenberg viruses

Biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae)

Reoviridae

African horse sickness, Kasba, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki, equine encephalosis, Peruvian horse sickness and Yunnan virus

Biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae)

Rhabdoviridae

Bovine ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey, vesicular stomatitis-Alagoas, and Cocal viruses

Sand flies (subfamily Phlebotominae)/mosquito

Orthomyxoviridae

Thogoto virus

Ticks (family Ixodidae)

Asfarviridae

African swine fever virus

Ticks (family Argasidae)