Table 2 Natural and experimental infections by tick-borne Rickettsia spp. in vertebrate host species
Rickettsia species | Host species | Type of infection | Methodology demonstrating the infection | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
R. rickettsii | Birds (Ciconiiformes, Piciformes, Passeriformes) | Natural | Antibodies | [41] |
Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) | Experimental | Rickettsemia, infection transmitted to Amblyomma cajennense ticks (25–30% success) | [44] | |
Rodents and lagomorphs | Natural | Isolation | ||
Experimental | Rickettsemia, infection transmitted to Dermacentor andersoni ticks | |||
Opossum (Didelphis spp.) | Natural | Isolation | ||
Experimental | Rickettsemia, infection transmitted to Amblyomma cajennense ticks (5% success) | |||
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) | Natural | Antibodies | [41] | |
Wild carnivores (fox, raccoon, skunk) | Natural | Antibodies | [41] | |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Experimental | Antibodies | [52a] | |
Natural | Antibodies, DNA in blood | [53a, 59, 60] | ||
Horse (Equus caballus) | Experimental | Antibodies | [108] | |
R. parkeri | Opossum (Didelphis spp.) | Experimental | DNA in blood | [109] |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Natural | Antibodies, DNA in blood | ||
R. conorii | Lagomorphs (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Lepus granatensis) | Natural | Antibodies | |
Cat (Felis catus) | Natural | Antibodies | [114] | |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Experimental | Antibodies, infection transmitted to Rh. sanguineus ticks | [39] | |
Natural | Antibodies, DNA in blood | [54–56a, 58] | ||
R. conorii-like | Bats (African species) | Natural | DNA in blood | [115] |
R. helvetica | Deer (Cervus nippon, Capreolus capreolus) | Natural | DNA in blood | |
Passerine birds (Erithacus rubecula, Parus major, Prunella modularis) | Experimental (in Parus major) | Infection transmitted to Ixodes ricinus ticks | [46] | |
Natural | DNA in blood | [118] | ||
Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) | Natural | DNA in tissues | [119] | |
Lizard (Teira dugesii, Podarcis muralis) | Natural | DNA in tissues | ||
Small rodents (Myodes glareolus, Microtus arvalis, M. arvestis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus) | Natural | Antibodies, DNA in tissues | ||
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) | Natural | DNA in blood | [117] | |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Natural | Antibodies | [61] | |
R. massiliae | Cat (Felis catus) | Natural | Antibodies | [114] |
R. monacensis | Lizard (Teira dugesii) | Natural | DNA in tissues | [120] |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Natural | DNA in blood | [125] | |
R. raoultii | Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Natural | Antibodies, DNA in blood | |
R. slovaca | Small rodents (Apodemus spp., Myodes glareolus) | Natural | DNA in tissues | [50] |
Experimental | Antibodies | [127] | ||
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) | Natural | DNA in tissues | ||
Cattle (Bos taurus) | Natural | Antibodies | [131] | |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Natural | Antibodies | [61] | |
Goat (Capra hircus) | Natural | Antibodies | [131] | |
Experimental (American strain) | DNA in tissues, infection transmitted to Dermacentor variabilis ticks (< 5% success) | [45a] | ||
Sheep (Ovis aries) | Natural | Antibodies | [131] |