Covariates | Uninvaded forests | Invaded: in rose | Invaded: not in rose |
---|---|---|---|
Trap-level covariates | |||
Nudds at 0.5–1.0 m (%) | 18.0 ± 3.9A | 73.9 ± 4.5B | 53.3 ± 5.9C |
Rose cover, 12.5 m radius (%) | 2.5 ± 0.2A | 11.2 ± 0.6B | 7.0 ± 0.6C |
Leaf litter volume (l/m2) | 28.0 ± 2.8A | 6.1 ± 1.4B | 6.7 ± 1.2B |
Coarse woody debris (%) | 6.5 ± 0.9A | 3.4 ± 0.7B | 4.2 ± 0.7B |
Rose cover, 2.5 m radius (%) | 0.0 ± 0.0A | 67.1 ± 2.2B | 3.5 ± 0.7A |
Distance to agriculture (m) | 288.3 ± 54.7A | 156.7 ± 24.6B | 159.6 ± 24.6B |
Distance to edge (m) | 67.8 ± 9.1A | 39.8 ± 8.8B | 41.9 ± 8.4B |
Distance to road (m) | 154.7 ± 16.7 | 135 ± 18.1 | 133.4 ± 15.4 |
Distance to residential (m) | 716.9 ± 377.6 | 186.2 ± 31.5 | 174.4 ± 32.9 |
Distance to stream (m) | 371.8 ± 62.7A | 148.4 ± 35.7B | 134.1 ± 35.6B |
Tick abundancea | 0.8 ± 0.1A | 0.4 ± 0.1B | 0.2 ± 0.0B |
Mouse abundanceb | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.4 |
Mean larvae per mouseb | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |