Fig. 4
Amastigote-initiated infections of L. donovani in four sand fly species: P. orientalis (ORI), P. argentipes (ARG), P. papatasi (PAP) and S. schwetzi (SER). a Rates and intensities of L. donovani infections. Numbers of dissected females are shown above bars. Differences between species were evaluated using Chi-square test: day 2 PBM, χ2 = 20.009, df = 9, P = 0.018; day 3 pbm, χ2 = 74.880, df = 9, P < 0.0001; day 6 pbm, χ2 = 255.6, df = 9, P < 0.0001; day 10 pbm, χ2 = 296.2, df = 9, P < 0.0001. b Location of L. donovani in infected sand flies. Differences between species were evaluated using Chi-square test: day 2 PBM, χ2 = 96.863, df = 9, P < 0.0001; day 3 pbm, χ2 = 121.7, df = 12, P < 0.0001; day 6 pbm, χ2 = 260.1, df = 15, P < 0.0001; day 10 pbm, χ2 = 301.6, df = 9, P < 0.0001. c Morphological forms of L. donovani in infected sand flies. The guts of infected females were sampled at 2, 3, 6 and 10 days pbm and parasite morphometry determined as described in methods. The percentage of each form found in infected flies at each time point is shown. Differences among lines were most significant during early infections; day 2 pbm, χ2 = 190.7, df = 9, P < 0.0001; day 3 pbm, χ2 = 196.5, df = 9, P < 0.0001; day 6 pbm, χ2 = 8.572, df = 2, P = 0.014; day 10 pbm, χ2 = 6.755, df = 2, P = 0. 034. Abbreviations: E.SP., endoperitrophic space, AMG, abdominal midgut; TMG, thoracic midgut; SV, stomodeal valve