Insecticide | Range of residual efficacy from program monitoringa | Suggested residual efficacy per WHO reportb | Residual efficacy found in other studiesc |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha-cypermethrin WP | 4–10 (n = 14) | 4–6 | • Up to 14 (plastic coated plywood), < 1 (cement) in Sao Tome and Principe [41]; • 1.5 against sand flies in Morocco [42]d; • 2.75 to 4 in India [43]e |
Deltamethrin WG | 1–10 (n = 24) | 3–6 | • 6.5 (concrete), 5 (mud) and 3.8 (wood) in Cameroon [18]; • 3 (plastered), 2.5 (mud) and 1 (cement) in Iran [26]f; • 15 months (wood, bamboo and brick) in Malaysia [45]g |
Bendiocarb WP | < 1–7 (n = 59) | 2–6 | • 1.5 (red clay and mixture of red clay and cement) and 1.75 (mixture of sand and cement) in Benin [21]; • Between 2 and 5 months in Equatorial Guinea [46]; • 6 in Mozambique [47]; • > 3.25 in Cameroon [18] |
Pirimiphos-methyl CS | 2–9 (n = 57) | 4–6 | • 9 months in Benin [51]h; • 8 (mud, cement plastered, lime wash, water paint) and > 9 (oil paint) in Tanzania [54]; • 4 (mud) and 5 (concrete) in Côte d’Ivoire [11] |
Pirimiphos-methyl EC | 2 (n = 8) | 2–3 | na |