Table 5 Survey of insecticide types and usage in three study settings in Guangzhou, China
From: Evidence for multiple-insecticide resistance in urban Aedes albopictus populations in southern China
| Â | Mosquito status | n | Urban | Suburban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insecticide | Frequency | Insecticide | Frequency | Insecticide | Frequency | |||
Community usage | Adult | 8 | Pyrethrins: cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin | 1–2 times/month | Pyrethrin: cypermethrin; Organophosphates: DDVP | None or 1 time/year | Pyrethrin: cypermethrin | None or 1 time/year |
Larvae | 8 | Organophosphates: temephos, mevinphos, fenthion; Biological insecticides: bacillus sphaericus | 1–2 times/month | – | – | – | – | |
Shop sold | Adult | 10 | Organophosphates: chlorpyrifos; carbamates: propoxur; Pyrethrin: prallethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, meperfluthrin, dimefluthrin, Es-Bioallethrin, tetramethrin | – | Pyrethrin: cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, permethrin, meperfluthrin, dimefluthrin, prallethrin; Carbamates: propoxur Organophosphates: chlorpyrifos | – | Organophosphates: DDVP, phoxim; Pyrethrin: meperfluthrin, dimefluthrin, Es-Bioallethrin, tetramethrin, cypermethrin, deyphenothrin | – |
Resident usage | Adult | 80 | Pyrethrin: meperfluthrin, dimefluthrin, prallethrin, rich-d-transallethrin | None or 1 time/week(use at night) | Pyrethrin: meperfluthrin, dimefluthrin, prallethrin, rich-d-transallethrin, Es-Bioallethrin | 5–7 times/week(use at night) | Pyrethrin: dimefluthrin, Es-Bioallethrin, rich-d-transallethrin, meperfluthrin, tetramethrin | 5–7 times/week (use at night) |
Agriculture usage | Rice field | 10 | – | – | – | – | Organophosphates: acephate | 1–2 times/month |
Farm land | 10 | – | – | Pyrethrin: beta-cypermethrin, meperfluthrin; Organophosphates: DDVP, phoxim, Chlorpyrifos, dipterex | 1–2 times/week | Organophosphates: DDVP, dipterex, acephate; Carbamates: methyl isocyanate | 1 time/month | |