| Country | Income level | Patients with diarrhea | No. of patients | Prevalence (%) | Quality score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Western and central Europe and North America | ||||||
René et al. (1989) [37] | France | High | Mixed | 132 | 21.2 | 2 |
Connolly et al. (1990) [53] | UK | High | Yes | 33 | 15.2 | 1 |
Brandonisio et al. (1993) [54] | Italy | High | Yes | 51 | 33.3 | 1 |
Sorvillo et al. (1994) [41] | USA | High | Mixed | 16,953 | 3.8 | 2 |
Colford et al. (1996) [34] | USA | High | Mixed | 3564 | 5.4 | 3 |
Mathewson et al. (1998) [42] | USA | High | Yes | 83 | 10.8 | 2 |
Matos et al. (1998) [35] | Portugal | High | Yes | 465 | 7.7 | 3 |
Brandonisio et al. (1999) [38] | Italy | High | Mixed | 154 | 11.0 | 3 |
Cama et al. (2006) [55] | USA | High | Mixed | 21 | 33.3 | 1 |
Lagrange-Xelot et al. (2008) [27] | France | High | Mixed | 6827 | 1.3 | 1 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||||
Henry et al. (1986) [32] | DR Congo | Low | Yes | 46 | 8.7 | 0 |
Colebunders et al. (1988) [56] | DR Congo | Low | Yes | 42 | 31.0 | 0 |
Therizol-Ferly et al. (1989) [57] | Ivory Coast | Middle | Yes | 148 | 6.8 | 1 |
Hunter et al. (1992) [58] | Zambia | Middle | Mixed | 90 | 2.2 | 2 |
Assoumou et al. (1993) [59] | Ivory Coast | Middle | Mixed | 217 | 8.8 | 1 |
Dieng et al. (1994) [60] | Senegal | Low | Yes | 72 | 13.9 | 1 |
Chintu et al. (1995) [61] | Zambia | Middle | Yes | 44 | 13.6 | 2 |
Mwachari et al. (1998) [62] | Kenya | Middle | Yes | 75 | 17.3 | 2 |
Fisseha et al. (1999) [63] | Ethiopia | Low | Mixed | 190 | 20.0 | 2 |
Gumbo et al. (1999) [31] | Zimbabwe | Low | Yes | 82 | 8.5 | 2 |
Cegielski et al. (1999) [64] | Tanzania | Low | Yes | 86 | 7.0 | 2 |
Lebbad et al. (2001) [65] | Guinea-Bissau | Low | Yes | 37 | 21.6 | 2 |
Nwokediuko et al. (2002) [66] | Nigeria | Middle | Yes | 161 | 0.0 | 1 |
Adjei et al. (2003) [67] | Ghana | Middle | Yes | 21 | 28.6 | 2 |
Tumwine et al. (2005) [28] | Uganda | Low | Yes | 91 | 73.6 | 2 |
Tadesse et al. (2005) [68] | Ethiopia | Low | Yes | 70 | 28.6 | 1 |
Sarfati et al. (2006) [69] | Cameroon | Middle | Mixed | 154 | 9.7 | 3 |
Adesiji et al. (2007) [29] | Nigeria | Middle | Yes | 100 | 79.0 | 3 |
Mariam et al. (2008) [70] | Ethiopia | Low | Mixed | 109 | 7.3 | 2 |
Blanco et al. (2009) [71] | Equatorial Guinea | Middle | na | 171 | 18.1 | 3 |
Cooke et al. (2009) [72] | South Africa | Middle | Mixed | 26 | 7.7 | 0 |
Babatunde et al. (2010) [73] | Nigeria | Middle | Mixed | 90 | 32.2 | 1 |
Alemu et al. (2011) [74] | Ethiopia | Low | Mixed | 188 | 43.6 | 1 |
Bartelt et al. (2011) [30] | South Africa | Middle | na | 193 | 75.6 | 1 |
Roka et al. (2012) [75] | Equatorial Guinea | Middle | Mixed | 260 | 9.2 | 4 |
Wumba et al. (2012) [76] | DR Congo | Low | Mixed | 242 | 5.4 | 4 |
Nwuba et al. (2012) [33] | Nigeria | Middle | Mixed | 202 | 30.7 | 3 |
Girma et al. (2014) [77] | Ethiopia | Low | Mixed | 268 | 34.3 | 3 |
Samie et al. (2014) [78] | South Africa | Middle | Mixed | 151 | 26.5 | 2 |
Vouking et al. (2014) [79] | Cameroon | Middle | Mixed | 207 | 7.2 | 3 |
Bissong et al. (2015) [80] | Cameroon | Middle | Mixed | 200 | 7.0 | 3 |
Kiros et al. (2015) [81] | Ethiopia | Low | Mixed | 399 | 5.8 | 3 |
Nsagha et al. (2016) [39] | Cameroon | Middle | Mixed | 300 | 44.0 | 4 |
Shimelis et al. (2016) [3] | Ethiopia | Low | Mixed | 491 | 13.2 | 3 |
Ojuromi et al. (2016) [82] | Nigeria | Middle | Mixed | 90 | 4.4 | 3 |
Asia and the Pacific | ||||||
Kamel et al. (1994) [83] | Malaysia | Middle | Mixed | 100 | 23.0 | 0 |
Moolasart et al. (1995) [84] | Thailand | Middle | Yes | 250 | 8.8 | 2 |
Anand et al. (1996) [85] | India | Middle | Mixed | 200 | 35.0 | 1 |
Punpoowong et al. (1998) [86] | Thailand | Middle | Yes | 22 | 9.1 | 0 |
Wanachiwanawin et al. (1999) [87] | Thailand | Middle | Yes | 91 | 25.3 | 2 |
Prasad et al. (2000) [88] | India | Middle | Mixed | 26 | 11.5 | 2 |
Wiwanitkit et al. (2001) [89] | Thailand | Middle | Mixed | 60 | 3.3 | 1 |
Chokephaibulkit et al. (2001) [90] | Thailand | Middle | Yes | 82 | 6.1 | 2 |
Waywa et al. (2001) [91] | Thailand | Middle | Yes | 288 | 19.1 | 3 |
Kumar et al. (2002) [92] | India | Middle | Mixed | 100 | 14.0 | 2 |
Mohandas et al. (2002) [93] | India | Middle | Mixed | 120 | 10.8 | 3 |
Lim et al. (2005) [94] | Malaysia | Middle | Mixed | 66 | 3.0 | 1 |
Guk et al. (2005) [95] | South Korea | High | Mixed | 67 | 10.4 | 1 |
Chhin et al. (2006) [96] | Cambodia | Middle | Yes | 80 | 45.0 | 3 |
Dwivedi (2007) [48] | India | Middle | Mixed | 75 | 33.3 | 2 |
Ramakrishnan et al. (2007) [97] | India | Middle | Yes | 80 | 28.8 | 2 |
Qu et al. (2007) [19] | China | Middle | Yes | 141 | 3.5 | 0 |
Stark et al. (2007) [98] | Australia | High | Yes | 618 | 2.3 | 4 |
Saldanha et al. (2008) [99] | India | Middle | na | 307 | 17.3 | 1 |
Jayalakshmi et al. (2008) [43] | India | Middle | Yes | 89 | 12.4 | 2 |
Viriyavejakul et al. (2009) [100] | Thailand | Middle | Mixed | 64 | 20.3 | 2 |
Saksirisampant et al. (2009) [101] | Thailand | Middle | Mixed | 90 | 34.4 | 1 |
Kulkarni et al. (2009) [44] | India | Middle | Yes | 137 | 11.7 | 1 |
Guo et al. (2011) [20] | China | Middle | Yes | 149 | 16.1 | 2 |
Tian et al. (2012) [102] | China | Middle | na | 302 | 8.3 | 4 |
Tian et al. (2012) [22] | China | Middle | Mixed | 46 | 13.0 | 3 |
Li et al. (2012) [21] | China | Middle | Yes | 67 | 6.0 | 2 |
Wang et al. (2012) [23] | China | Middle | Yes | 253 | 12.6 | 3 |
Sherchan et al. (2012) [103] | Nepal | Low | Mixed | 146 | 2.7 | 3 |
Wang et al. (2013) [9] | China | Middle | Mixed | 673 | 1.5 | 4 |
Mehta et al. (2013) [104] | India | Middle | Mixed | 100 | 2.0 | 3 |
Vyas et al. (2013) [105] | India | Middle | Yes | 75 | 14.7 | 2 |
Gupta et al. (2013) [45] | India | Middle | Mixed | 100 | 4.0 | 2 |
Baragundi Mahesh et al. (2013) [106] | India | Middle | Mixed | 75 | 18.7 | 2 |
Paboriboune et al. (2014) [107] | Laos | Middle | Mixed | 137 | 6.6 | 3 |
Jain et al. (2014) [108] | India | Middle | Mixed | 250 | 20.8 | 2 |
Pang et al. (2015) [16] | China | Middle | na | 450 | 17.3 | 3 |
Angal et al. (2015) [109] | Malaysia | Middle | Mixed | 131 | 3.8 | 3 |
Xie et al. (2015) [17] | China | Middle | Mixed | 152 | 13.2 | 0 |
Khalil et al. (2015) [110] | India | Middle | Mixed | 200 | 7.5 | 3 |
Asma et al. (2015) [111] | Malaysia | Middle | Mixed | 346 | 12.4 | 4 |
Kaniyarakkal et al. (2016) [112] | India | Middle | Mixed | 200 | 2.5 | 2 |
Mitra et al. (2016) [113] | India | Middle | Mixed | 194 | 29.4 | 2 |
Shah et al. (2016) [114] | India | Middle | Mixed | 45 | 13.3 | 2 |
Wang et al. (2016) [18] | China | Middle | Mixed | 285 | 0.7 | 4 |
Latin America and the Caribbean | ||||||
Chacin-Bonilla et al. (1992) [115] | Venezuela | High | Mixed | 29 | 41.4 | 1 |
Escobedo et al. (1999) [116] | Cuba | Middle | Mixed | 67 | 11.9 | 2 |
Florez et al. (2003) [117] | Colombia | Middle | Mixed | 115 | 10.4 | 3 |
Ribeiro et al. (2004) [118] | Brazil | Middle | Mixed | 75 | 9.3 | 2 |
Chacin et al. (2006) [119] | Venezuela | High | Yes | 103 | 25.2 | 2 |
Goncalves et al. (2009) [120] | Brazil | Middle | Mixed | 100 | 9.0 | 2 |
Cardoso et al. (2011) [121] | Brazil | Middle | Mixed | 500 | 0.2 | 3 |
Velasco et al. (2011) [122] | Colombia | Middle | Mixed | 131 | 29.0 | 2 |
Guimarães et al. (2012) [123] | Brazil | Middle | Mixed | 93 | 2.2 | 1 |
Assis et al. (2013) [124] | Brazil | Middle | Mixed | 59 | 10.2 | 2 |
Middle East and North Africa | ||||||
Zali et al. (2004) [125] | Iran | Middle | Mixed | 206 | 1.5 | 2 |
Yosefi et al. (2012) [126] | Iran | Middle | Mixed | 60 | 8.3 | 2 |
Agholi et al. (2013) [127] | Iran | Middle | Mixed | 356 | 9.6 | 3 |
Salehi Sangani et al. (2016) [128] | Iran | Middle | Mixed | 80 | 1.3 | 2 |
Eastern Europe and central Asia | ||||||
Brannan et al. (1996) [129] | Romania | Middle | Mixed | 73 | 78.1 | 3 |
Kucervoa et al. (2011) [130] | Russia | Middle | na | 46 | 41.3 | 2 |