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Table 3 Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) insecticide susceptibility test results with and without pre-expsoure to synergists

From: Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar

Site (eco-epidemiological zone)

Insecticide tested

% Mortality (n)

Resistance status

P-valuea

Imerina Imady (CHL)

L-cyhalothrin

94.67 (150)

PR

0.007***

L-cyhalothrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

Ankafina-Tsarafidy (CHL)

Permethrin

71.3 (150)

R

1

Permethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

< 0.001**

Permethrin + DEF

91 (100)

PR

< 0.001**

Vavatenina (EC)

Permethrin

88.67 (150)

R

1

Permethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

0.001*

Permethrin + DEF

92 (100)

PR

0.519

Deltamethrin

94 (150)

PR

1

Deltamethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

0.003*

Deltamethrin + DEF

100 (100)

S

0.012*

Bekily (SE)

Permethrin

75 (100)

R

< 0.001***

Permethrin + PBO

100 (100)

S

Ambodifaho (EC)

Permethrin

94 (150)

PR

0.256

Permethrin + PBO

97.3 (150)

PR

Vohitrambato (EC)

Permethrin

93.3 (150)

PR

0.002***

Permethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

Deltamethrin

92 (150)

PR

1

Deltamethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

< 0.001*

Deltamethrin + DEF

100 (100)

S

0.002*

a-cypermethrin

91 (100)

PR

0.003***

a-cypermethrin + PBO

100 (100)

S

Mahambo (EC)

Permethrin

83.3 (150)

R

1

Permethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

< 0.001*

Permethrin + DEF

100 (100)

S

< 0.001*

a-cypermethrin

90.67 (150)

PR

1

a-cypermethrin + PBO

100 (150)

S

< 0.001*

a-cypermethrin + DEF

100 (100)

S

0.001*

  1. aReported P-values of comparative analysis of synergist exposure for each sampling location
  2. *Statistically significant at P < 0.0167
  3. **Statistically significant at P < 0.0125
  4. ***Statistically significant at P < 0.05
  5. Abbreviations: CHL, central highlands; EC, east coast; SE, south-east; n, sample size; PR, possible resistance; S, susceptible; R, confirmed resistance