Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar

Rakotoson, Jean-Desire; Fornadel, Christen M.; Belemvire, Allison; Norris, Laura C.; George, Kristen; Caranci, Angela; Lucas, Bradford; Dengela, Dereje

doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2336-9

ITable 1 Insecticide resistance monitoring sites and their relevant characteristics

From: Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar

Epidemiological zone	Region	District	Commune/Village	Status and history of vector control	Year
Epidemiological zone	Region	District	Commune/Village	Status and history of vector control	2013/2014	2015/2016
Central highlands	Amoron'l Mania	Ambositra	Imerina Imady	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS 2005–2007, 2013 & 2014 no IRS since 2015	×	×
	Haute Matsiatra	Ambohimahasoa	Manandroy	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS 2005–2007, 2013 & 2014	×	–
	Amoron'l Mania	Fandriana	Milamaina	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS in 2005–2007, 2013 & 2014 and no IRS since 2015	–	×
	Haute Matsiatra	Ambohimahasoa	Ankafina Tsarafidy	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS in 2005–2007 & 2014 and no IRS since 2015	–	×
	Haute Matsiatra	Fianarantsoa II	Vohimarina	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS in 2005–2007 & 2014 and no IRS since 2015		×
Central highland fringe	Amoron’I Mania	Ambatofinandrahana	Soavina	1993–2004 DDT IRS, carbamate IRS from 2011 to 2013 and withdrawn in 2014, ITNs since 2010.	×	–
	Vakinankaratra	Betafo	Soavina	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS 2005–2007 & carbamate IRS 2013 & 2014	×	–
	Analamanga	Ankazobe	Kiangara	1993–2004 DDT IRS, PY IRS in 2005–2007 & carbamate IRS from 2011–2013. IRS withdrawn in 2014	×	–
South sub-desert	Androy	Ambovombe	Ambovombe	Carbamate IRS from 2011 to 2013, OP IRS in 2014 and no IRS after 2015, ITNs since 2007	×	–
	Atsimo Andrefana	Ampanihy	Ejeda	Carbamate IRS from 2011–2013, OP IRS in 2014 and no IRS after 2015, ITNs since 2007	×	–
	Anosy	Amboasary	Amboasary	Carbamate IRS from 2011–2013, OP IRS in 2014 and no IRS after 2015, ITNs since 2007	×	–
	Androy	Bekily	Bekily	Carbamate IRS from 2011–2013, OP IRS in 2014 and no IRS after 2015, ITNs since 2007	×	×
East coast	Atsinanana	Toamasina II	Vohitrambato	ITNs since 2007, OP IRS introduced in 2014	–	×
	Analanjirofo	Fenerive East	Mahambo	ITNs since 2007, OP IRS introduced in 2014	–	×
	Atsinanana	Brickaville	Ambodifaho	ITNs since 2007, OP IRS introduced in 2015	–	×
	Analanjirofo	Vavatenina	Vavatenina	ITNs since 2007, control area, No IRS	–	×
South-east	Atsimo Atsinanana	Farafangana	Manambotra Sud	ITNs since 2007, OP IRS introduced in 2015	–	×
South-east	Atsimo Atsinanana	Vangaindrano	Lopary	ITNs since 2007, control area, No IRS	–	×

Abbreviations: IRS, Indoor residual spraying; PY, pyrethroid; OP, organophosphate; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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