Table 2 Annotation of 32 Glossina-specific proteins significantly upregulated in parasitized SG proteome of Glossina m. morsitans compared to the unparasitized SG proteome

D3TQ33

Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

58.1

11

Calcyphosin-like protein; regulation of ion transport

D3TMA1

Tetraspanin 42Ed

13.5

3

Acts as scaffold/anchor to specific cell membranes

D3TQS8

Integrin beta-PS

24.5

5

IGF-like repeat protein; cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins

H9TZT6

Stress-associated ER protein-2

17.6

4

ER stress

D3TQD5

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 3

35.2

3

Essential regulator of cellular processes (e.g. survival of stressed cells).

D3TMM3

Vacuolar H+−ATPase v0 sector subunit D

19.1

4

Cation trans-epithelia transport (SGs, labial glands; midguts; sensory sensilla)

D3TMK9

Chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide-1ζ

13.7

5

TcP-1 family members are involved in the prevention of the aggregation of proteins unfolded by stress, or newly synthesized proteins

D3TM06

Chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide-1θ

11.8

5

D3TLV7

Chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide-1ζ

10.9

4

D3TLP9

Chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide-1α

5.0

3

D3TMQ1

Mitochondrial methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase

19.1

4

Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (e.g. leucine, isoleucine and valine)

D3TLC7

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

5.7

2

D3TNK0

Hypothetical conserved protein

10.8

4

70 % homologous to D. melanogaster uracil-DNA degrading factor-like protein (UDE); conformational integrity of DNA-protein complex machinery

D3TPX7

α-carboxylesterase αE7

21.8

11

Lipid metabolism in insects

D3TMQ8

24-kDa mitochondrial glutamine synthetase

4.2

2

Metabolism of glutamate (important product of ammonia detoxification)

D3TLS2

Mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase

13.2

3

Mitochondrial electron transport/transfer

D3TRJ5

Cytochrome b-c₁ complex-7

28.8

3

D3TPP1

Downstream of receptor kinase

13.7

3

Essential roles in immune responses

D3TMW2

Proteasome subunit beta type-4

7.7

2

Associates with polo-like kinase; increase 20S proteasome to proteolytic activity

D3TPR8

Translin

14.4

3

Various biological roles (e.g. control and distribution of nucleic acid metabolism)

D3TLJ6

Mitochondrial prohibitin-2

9.7

3

Conserved protein involved in biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondria

D3TMK2

Ras-related small GTPase, rho type

12.0

2

Molecular switches that govern various important cellular functions

D3TRZ7

Aspartate aminotransferase

21.9

6

A key enzyme in amino acid metabolism

D3TRZ8

Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase

4.5

2

Folate metabolism

D3TPR2

Myosin essential light chain

27.2

3

A structural component of the actomyosin cross-bridge

D3TRA4

Transaldolase

20.5

5

Provides a link between glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways

D3TLJ8

Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase

8.2

3

Provides a link between glycolytic and TCA cycles

D3TNC5

Retrotransposon protein

17.4

3

Mobile element that transpose by reverse transcription

D3TP54

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex-3

15.8

2

Induction of actin polymerization during pathogen infection

D3TQ55

Hypothetical secreted protein

38

2

Homologous (97 %) to salivary secreted mucin; tsetse mouthpart lubricant

Q0QHK6

δ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase

26.3

10

Amino acid (glutamate and proline) metabolism

D3TRY4

Cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase

14.1

4

SG cell autophagic cell death