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Table 6 Seropositivity for CVBD agents according to the epidemiological variables analysed

From: Countrywide serological evaluation of canine prevalence for Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), Dirofilaria immitis and Ehrlichia canis in Mexico

Epidemiological variable (n)

Total population seropositivity (%)

Dogs infected (%)

A

Bb

Di

Ec

Dogs co-infected (%)

Gender

P = 0.205

P = 0.871

P = 0.886

P = 0.772

P = 0.291

P = 0.565

 Male (901)

343 (38.07)

89 (9.88)

2 (0.22)

49 (5.44)

288 (31.96)

77 (8.55)

 Female (781)

274 (35.08)

79 (10.11)

2 (0.26)

40 (5.12)

231 (29.58)

73 (9.35)

Age

P = 0.011

P = 0.958

P = 0.647

P = 0.096

P = 0.014

P = 0.379

 < 1 year (82)

19 (23.17)

8 (9.76)

0 (0)

1 (1.22)

15 (18.29)

5 (6.09)

 ≥ 1 year (1570)

581 (37.01)

156 (9.94)

4 (0.25)

85 (5.41)

489 (31.14)

140 (8.92)

Size

P < 0.0001

P = 0.606

P = 0.542

P = 0.001

P = 0.047

P < 0.0001

 Small (631)

174 (27.58)

44 (6.97)

0 (0)

13 (2.06)

146 (23.14)

27 (4.28)

 Medium (226)

98 (43.36)

25 (11.06)

1 (0.44)

17 (7.52)

80 (35.39)

23 (10.18)

 Large (522)

208 (39.85)

55 (10.54)

2 (0.38)

36 (6.89)

172 (32.95)

51 (9.77)

Lifestyle

P < 0.0001

P = 0.001

P = 0.214

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 Indoors (447)

106 (23.71)

27 (6.04)

0 (0)

8 (1.79)

88 (19.69)

17 (3.80)

 Outdoors (1159)

487 (42.02)

133 (11.47)

4 (0.34)

81 (6.99)

407 (35.12)

125 (10.78)

Tick contact

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P = 0.297

P = 0.002

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 Yes (1258)

545 (43.32)

156 (12.40)

4 (0.32)

80 (6.36)

458 (36.40)

141 (11.21)

 No (341)

33 (9.68)

4 (1.17)

0 (0.00)

7 (2.05)

25 (7.33)

3 (0.88)

TTI prevention

P < 0.0001

P = 0.188

P = 0.069

P = 0.429

P < 0.0001

P = 0.033

 Yes (85)

50 (58.82)

12 (14.12)

1 (1.18)

3 (3.53)

49 (57.65)

13 (15.29)

 No (1593)

567 (35.59)

155 (9.73)

3 (0.19)

88 (5.52)

468 (29.38)

136 (8.54)

MTI prevention

P = 0.180

P = 0.354

P = 0.070

P = 0.484

P = 0.243

P = 0.085

 Yes (85)

37 (43.53)

11 (12.94)

1 (1.18)

6 (7.06)

31 (36.47)

12 (14.12)

 No (1585)

576 (36.34)

156 (9.84)

3 (0.19)

84 (5.29)

483 (30.47)

137 (8.64)

Clinical signs

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P = 0.022

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 Yes (722)

384 (53.18)

106 (14.68)

4 (0.55)

57 (7.89)

333 (46.12)

108 (14.96)

 No (943)

227 (24.07)

58 (6.15)

0 (0)

31 (3.29)

182 (19.3)

39 (4.13)

Travel history

P = 0.631

P = 0.680

P = 0.124

P = 0.453

P = 0.572

P = 0.742

 Yes (331)

118 (35.65)

35 (10.57)

2 (0.60)

15 (4.53)

98 (29.61)

31 (9.36)

 No (1365)

506 (37.07)

134 (9.82)

2 (0.15)

76 (5.57)

426 (31.21)

120 (8.79)

  1. Abbreviations: A Anaplasma spp., Bb B. burgdorferi (sensu lato), Di D. immitis, Ec E. canis, TTI tick-transmitted infections; MTI mosquito-transmitted infections