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Table 1 Review of cases described in the literature of canine ocular angiostrongylosis, along with data on the location, clinical presentation, diagnosis and anthelmintic treatment

From: Angiostrongylus vasorum in the eye: new case reports and a review of the literature

Age, sex and breed

Location

Clinical presentation

Diagnosis

Anthelmintic treatment

Reference

8-month-old; n/a; Cavalier King; Charles Spaniel

France

Cough, uveitis, and presence of a motile worm in the anterior chamber of the eye

Faecal and broncho-alveolar washing examination negative for A. vasorum larvae.

Fenbendazole-based treatment for 2 weeks

[28]

One immature A. vasorum female extracted from the eye

14-month-old; female; Cocker Spaniel

Denmark

Epiphora, circumcorneal and conjunctival injection of the episcleral blood vessels, blepharospasm, prolapse of the nictitating membrane miotic and swollen iris. Presence of a motile worm in the anterior chamber of the eye

Numerous A. vasorum L1 found in the faeces. One immature A. vasorum female extracted from the right eye.

Levamisole injections 10/mg kg for 3 days

[30]

3-year-old; female; Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

UK

Otitis interna, head tilt, submaxillary lymph node enlargement. Presence of a motile worm in the anterior chamber of the eye on a one-day follow up visit. The dog died from a sudden attack of acute respiratory distress

Numerous A. vasorum adults in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and one adult in the anterior chamber detected at post-mortem examination

n/a

[29]

2-year-old; female; Staffordshire Bull Terrier

UK

Post-inflammatory retinal degeneration, episcleral hyperaemia and vitreous herniation. Presence of a motile worm in the anterior chamber of the left eye

A. vasorum L1 found in the faeces. No morphological or molecular identification of the nematode found in the left eye

Fenbendazole 50 mg/kg for 10 days

[18]

20-month-old; male; Miniature Dachshund

Canada

Chronic diarrhoea and coughing. Ataxia, depression, and impaired vision. Multiple retinal haemorrhages, iris congestion. The dog was euthanised due to the progression of nervous and ocular diseases

Numerous A. vasorum adults recovered from pulmonary artery and disseminated larval infection including both eyes, kidneys, brain, spinal cord, bronchial lymph nodes, heart, intestine and pancreas, detected at post-mortem examination

n/a

[25]