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Table 2 Summary of the molecular approaches used for detection and genetic characterization of T. gondii

From: Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii

Molecular methods

Main purposes

DNA target regions

References

Conventional PCR

Species detection

B1 gene, 529 bp repeat element, 18S rDNA gene, SAG1, SAG2, and GRA1

[18, 147, 148, 197]

Real-time PCR

Species detection

B1 gene, 529 bp repeat element, 18S rDNA gene, SAG1

[198, 199]

LAMP

Species detection

529-bp repetitive element, B1, SAG1, SAG2, GRA1, oocyst wall protein genes

[145, 200]

Microsatellite analysis

Genotyping

TUB2, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17; M33, IV.1, XI.1, M48, M102, N60, N82, AA, N61, and N83

[156]

Multilocus sequence typing

Genotyping

BTUB, SAG2,, GRA6, and SAG3

[162, 163]

PCR-RFLP

Genotyping

SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico

[18]

RAPD-PCR

Genotyping

Genomic DNA

[177]

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis

Genotyping

B1 gene

[182]