Table 1 Malacological studies from different epidemiological settings and attempted control measures in Tanzania

Bulinus

Bulinus globosus

Unguja, Pemba, Pemba and all regions of mainland Tanzania.

Schistosoma haematobium, - is not intermediate hosts in Unguja

- On-going- Chemical control using (molluscicides-neclosamide) in Unguja and Pemba (http://www.score.uga.edu/Elimination.htmlwww.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN48837681/)

Sturrock., 1965[12]

McCullough[19]

Webbe, 1966[52]

Stothard et al.,[53]

Lwambo,1988[54]

Mandahl-Barth[55]

- Use of molluscicides/extracts from plants in mainland part of the country[63, 64]

Stothard et al.,[56]

Stothard et al.,[58]

Webbe et al., 1958[61]

Zumstein, 1983[62]

Jordan and Webbe., 1982[65]

Stothard et al.,[66]

Bulinus nasutus

Pemba, Mafia island and all regions of the mainland part of the country.

S. haematobium, S. bovis

On-going Chemical control using (molluscicides-neclosamide) in Unguja and Pemba (http://www.score.uga.edu/Elimination.html)

Mwambungu., 1988[8]

Kinoti., 1964[9]

Sturrock., 1965[12]

McCullough[19]

Webbe, 1966[52]

Lwambo,1988[54]

Mandahl-Barth[55]

Stothard et al.,[56]

Jelnes et al.,[57]

Marti et al., 1985[67]

Gabone et al.,[68]

Bulinus africanus africanus

Not present in Unguja and Pemba. Widely distributed on the mainland part of the country.

S. haematobium, S. bovis, S. matheei, S. leiperi

None

Doumange et al., 1987[3]

Mwambungu., 1988[8]

Kinoti., 1964[9]

Mutani et al.,[69]

Stothard et al.,[66]

Bulinus forskalii

Probably all regions of mainland part of the country, no report from Unguja and Pemba. Present in the Mafia islands

S. bovis

None

Mwambungu., 1988[8]

Kinoti., 1964[9]

Mutani et al.,[69]

Biomphalaria

Biomphalaria choanomphala,

- Confined in the large water bodies

Schistosoma mansoni

None

Magendantz., 1972[13]

– The lake Victoria. Common in the three regions bordering the lake.

McCullough et al., 1962[19]

- Absent on the eastern and southern coastal belt bordering Indian ocean, Unguja and Pemba.

Brown., 1980[51]

Biomphalaria pfeifferi

- All regions of mainland part of the country except the eastern coastal regions, Unguja and Pemba.

Schistosoma mansoni

- Chemical control (Bayer 73, N-tritylmorpholine in irrigations scheme northern Tanzania[63, 70]

Utzinger and Tanner., 2000[60]

Webbe., 1964[71]

- Biological control[72, 73]

Crossland., 1963[70]

Biomphalaria sudanica

All regions of mainland part of the country except the central regions of Dodoma, Singida, the eastern and southern coastal regions, Unguja and Pemba.

Schistosoma mansoni

- Molluscicides[74]

Doumange et al., 1987[3]

Magendantz., 1972[13]

Sturrock., 1962[12]

Biomphalaria angulosa

Common in lower lands and highlands southern

Schistosoma mansoni

None

Magendantz., 1972[13]

Sturrock., 1962[12]

Webbe and Jordan., 1966[52]